The substance underlying the form
New Delhi : Narendra Modi taking oath as the 15th Prime Minister of India, at a ceremony at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi
Millions watched with eager expectation as the new Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Damodardas Modi, took the oath of service to the nation.
The grand ceremony centered on the grave words of commitment such as "I will do right to all manner of people in accordance with the Constitution and the law, without fear or favor, affection or ill-will." The script of the oath is so robust and potent that if the cabinet lives by it, India can become a superpower in no time.
The elections have led us to expect a lot from our leaders, but how much can they do without our support? Just as in cricket, a captain can be only as good as the team, so in a country, the head of state can be only as good as the citizens. The Father of our Nation, Gandhiji, put it well: "Be the change that you wish to see in the world." If there is to be any substantial change in India, we Indians need to complement the top-down change with bottom-up change — a commitment to honor our words as citizens.
The Formalization of Trust
We all know that it is not easy to trust the words of others. What to speak of trusting others’ words, we know, when we are honest with ourselves that trusting even our own words is difficult. Why? Because keeping our word is no small challenge.
When words need to be specially infused with trust, oaths come into play. The public, often ceremonial, declaration of one’s intent brings gravity, legality and even sanctity to the words of commitment. That’s why taking oaths is an activity that cuts across races, cultures and nations. In our times, it manifests in the oath before the magistrate in a courtroom, the vow before the priest during weddings or the declaration of commitment before the employer. It also appears in the reimbursement claims we submit, the tax returns we file and the deeds we sign. In fact, Rama-rajya was glorious because one of its defining features was the principle of honoring of one’s word, come what may. This is enshrined in the famous verse: raghukul riti sada cali ayi, pran jaye par vacan na jaye. "Such is the time-honored tradition of the Raghu dynasty: One's life may be lost, but let one's word not be lost." That motif continues till date with Bollywood featuring Salman proclaiming in Dabaang: Ek bar jo maine commitment kar di, fir main apne ap ki bhi nahi sunta. "Once I make a commitment, I don't listen even to myself."
But our times are so shallow that even words under oath tend to be without substance. When a suspect solemnly swears to speak the truth, people still tend to be skeptical. Turning the lens on ourselves: do we even remember all the promises we have taken, leave alone keep them?
The Spiritual Foundation of Integrity
Most of us usually want to honor our words. Yet that intent is often sabotaged by, among other things, weakness of character.
How can character be strengthened?
In a culture that provides fixes through pills, pastes and potions, we find no quick-fix for character weaknesses. Perhaps the answer lies in another, subtler p: purification. Purification of our intention from accumulation to contribution, from grabbing to sharing, from me to we.
For such purification, India’s timeless philosophical classic, the Bhagavad-gita, offers a strong intellectual boost. At one level, the Gita’s approach is top-down, for it is spoken to a state ruler, Arjuna, to remind him of his responsibilities. In fact, the Gita (3.21) explicitly emphasizes the role of leaders as social torchbearers.
And yet at another level, the Gita’s approach is bottom-up, because despite its intent to reorient a leader, it doesn’t get into the intricacies of politics and statecraft. Instead it goes straight to universal heart of all issues: the spiritual substance of our character. The Gita indicates that harmonization with our spiritual side comprises the strongest characterbuilder. By such harmony, we relish a profound non-material fulfillment that makes us resistant to the pressures and lures that jeopardize our integrity.
Given the Gita’s integrated topdown and bottom-up approach, it’s no surprise that its words resonate with the words of the oath of the nation’s office-bearers. The Gita (2.38) enjoins: "Work without considerations of pleasure- pain, gain-loss and victorydefeat." Such work, that would be "without fear or favor, affection or ill-will", is declared later in the Gita (2.50) to be "the art of work." In fact, such selfless work, the Gita (18.46) indicates, can even become a form of worship.
Two Meanings of Integrity — and their Link
Integrity refers to "the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles," as in "a man of high integrity." And it can refer to "the state of being whole and undivided," as in "the territorial integrity of the country."
Gita wisdom helps us discern a link between these two meanings. It declares that we are parts of the Whole, the Absolute Truth, identified as Krishna in the Gita and known by different names in different traditions. When we play the part of the part and contribute to the Whole, then the Whole fills the hole in our heart, granting supreme fulfillment. We see that our interest runs not contrary to, but in harmony with the interests of others, for we are all members of one cosmic family centered on the Supreme Spirit. With this inner enrichment coming from spiritual integration, moral integrity naturally develops.
How can we get such spiritual enrichment?
Some prominent ways are yoga, prayer and meditation. Interestingly, in meditational traditions of sonic spirituality, words play a central role. Sacred words embodied in timeless mantras purify us from self-centeredness to selflessness.
Significantly, spiritual fulfillment doesn’t come only from meditational activities that draw us away from the world. It can come even from practical activities that engage us with the world, provided we do those activities in a mood of selfless spiritual service.
Gita wisdom assures that each of us has the power to be an agent of positive change. By going to our spiritual roots and by taking ownership of our words and actions, we all can find the inner strength necessary for change — individually and socially.
Caitanya Carana Dasa is the associate-editor of Back to Godhead (US and Indian editions). To subscribe for his daily Bhagavad-gita reflections, please subscribe for Gitadaily on his website, thespiritualscientist.com.